TABLE  4.   RINGER'S SOLUTIONS - KEY

DIRECTIONS:   SELECT A SUBDIVISION.  CLICK SOL# FOR RECIPE.

Table 4A: INVERTEBRATES

Annelids
Arthropods:
Crustaceans
Arthropods:
Xiphosurans
Echinoderms
Molluscs
Other Invert's

Table 4B: FISH Table 4C: OTHER VERTEBRATES
Elasmobranchs
Teleosts
Amphibians
Mammals

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN TABLES

TABLE 4A. RINGER'S SOLUTIONS, KEY: INVERTEBRATES

    TABLE 4A. RINGER'S SOLUTIONS,

KEY: ANNELIDS

SOL # ORGANISM GENUS, SPECIES SYSTEM, STUDY LIT. CIT. NOTES
MARINE ANNELIDS
MAn1 Lugworm Arenicola marina extrovert contraction C-MAn1 (Wells..) -
MAn2 Slime Tubeworm Myxicola infundibulum giant axon, potentials C-MAn2 (Goldman..) N-MAn2
OTHER ANNELIDS
OAn1 Leech Hirudo medicinalis textbook C-OAn1 (Pantin)
  OAn1-a
"
"
 potentials, several cell types C-OAn1-a (Schmidt..) -
OAn2 Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris muscle, potentials C-OAn2 (Drewes..) -
  OAn2-a
"
"
 heartbeat, drug effects C-OAn2-a (Prosser) -

    TABLE 4A. RINGER'S SOLUTIONS,

KEY: CRUSTACEANS

SOL # ORGANISM GENUS, SPECIES SYSTEM, STUDY LIT. CIT. NOTES
MARINE CRUSTACEANS
MCr1 Green Crab Carcinus maenas muscle excitation C-MCr1 (Pantin), A1 N-MCr1
  MCr1-a
"
"
 ventilatory physiology C-MCr1-a (Mercier..) N-MCr1-a
MCr2 American Lobster Homarus americanus heartbeat maintenance C-MCr2 (Cole), A1 N-MCr2
  MCr2-a
"
"
 neuronal octopamine C-MCr2-a (Evans..) -
  MCr2-b
"
"
 claw muscle physiology C-MCr2-b (Govind..) -
MCr3 Giant Barnacle Balanus nubilus muscle neurophysiology C-MCr3 (Hoyle..) -
MCr4 Spiny Lobster Panuliris spp. olfactory neurophysiology C-MCr4 (Mulloney..) N-MCr4
OTHER CRUSTACEANS
OCr1 Crayfish (F) Cambarus clarkii claw nerve excitability C-OCr1 (Van H'ld), A1 N-OCr1
OCr2 Crab (L) Gecarcinus lateralis axon, muscle C-OCr2 (Skinner..) N-OCr2

   
TABLE 4A. RINGER'S SOLUTIONS,

KEY: XIPHOSURANS

SOL # ORGANISM GENUS, SPECIES SYSTEM, STUDY LIT. CIT. NOTES
Xi1 Horseshoe Crab Limulus polyphemus amebocytes (blood cells) C-Xi1 (Levin..) N-Xi1
  Xi1-a
"
"
 nerve C-Xi1-a (Chao) -
  Xi1-b
"
"
 photoreceptors C-Xi1-b (Millechia) -

   
TABLE 4A. RINGER'S SOLUTIONS,

KEY: ECHINODERMS

SOL # ORGANISM GENUS, SPECIES SYSTEM, STUDY LIT. CIT. NOTES
Ec1 Sea Cucumber Stichopus parvimensis intestine, absorption C-Ec1 (Lawrence..) N-Ec1

   
TABLE 4A. RINGER'S SOLUTIONS,

KEY: MOLLUSCS

SOL # ORGANISM GENUS, SPECIES SYSTEM, STUDY LIT. CIT. NOTES
MARINE MOLLUSCS
MMo1 Mussel Mytilus edulus retractor contraction C-MMo1 (Singh), A1 -
MMo2 Gastropod Scutus breviculus nerve conduction C-MMo2 (Tucker) -
MMo3 Squid Loligo forbesi giant axon, electrical activity C-MMo3 (Hodgkin..) N-MMo3
OTHER MOLLUSCS
OMo1 Snail (FW) Helix species hemolymph C-OMo1 (Bernard), A1 -
OMo2 Mussel (FW) Unio pictorum cardiac rhythm C-OMo2 (Kuziemski) N-OMo2

   
TABLE 4A. RINGER'S SOLUTIONS,

KEY: OTHER INVERTEBRATES

SOL # ORGANISM GENUS, SPECIES SYSTEM, STUDY LIT. CIT. NOTES
OIn1 Turbellaria (Planaria) Planaria dorotocephala tissue explant maintenance C-OIn1(Murray) N-OIn1
OIn2 Roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides muscle strip contraction C-OIn2 (Baldwin) -
OIn3 Contributions? - - - -

TABLE 4B. RINGER'S SOLUTIONS, KEY: FISH

 
 
TABLE 4B. RINGER'S SOLUTIONS,

KEY: ELASMOBRANCHS

SOL # ORGANISM GENUS, SPECIES SYSTEM, STUDY LIT. CIT. NOTES
El 1 Skate Raja diaphanes blood vessel physiol., pharmacol. C-El 1 (Babkin..), A1, N-El 1
El 2
"
 Raja species ?? A1 N-El 2
El 3 Little Skate Raja erinacea blood, constituents C-El 3 (Hartman..); A1 N-El 3
  El 3-a
"
"
 electric organ C-El 3-a (Kriebel..) N-El 3-a
El 4 Dogfish Scyllium canicula heartbeat C-El 4 (Mines) -
El 5 Dogfish Squalus acanthias renal physiology C-El 5 (Forster..) N-El 5

 
 
TABLE 4B. RINGER'S SOLUTIONS,

KEY: TELEOSTS

SOL # ORGANISM GENUS, SPECIES SYSTEM, STUDY LIT. CIT. NOTES
MARINE TELEOSTS
MTe1 Stargazer Uranoscopus species iris, movements C-MTe1 (Young), A1 N-MTe1
MTe2 Winter Flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus melanophores C-MTe2 (Burton) N-MTe2
  MTe2-a
"
"
 kidney tubule function C-MTe2-a (Forster..); A1 -
MTe3 Electric eel Electrophorus electricus electric organ, potentials C-MTe3 (Keynes..) -
MTe4 Toadfish Opsanus tau swimbladder, muscle physiology C-MTe4 (Gainer..) -
MTe5 Roach Rutilus rutilus gall bladder, function C-MTe5 (Diamond) -
FRESH WATER TELEOSTS
FTe1 Medaka Oryzias lapites egg, calcium C-FTe1 (Fluck) N-FTe1
FTe2 Goldfish Carassius auratus potentials, retinal cells C-FTe2 (Takahashi) N-FTe2
  FTe2-a
"
"
 gills, water permeability C-FTe2-a (Ogawa..) -
FTe3 Zebrafish Danio rerio embryo, cell transplantation C-FTe3 (Westerfield) -

TABLE 4C. RINGER'S SOLUTIONS, KEY: OTHER VERTEBRATES

 
TABLE 4C. RINGER'S SOLUTIONS,

KEY: AMPHIBIANS

SOL # ORGANISM GENUS, SPECIES SYSTEM, STUDY LIT. CIT. NOTES
Am1 "English Frog" Rana species? heartbeat, salines C-Am1 (Ringer) N-Am1
Am2 Frog Rana temporaria heartbeat, temp. C-Am2 (Clark); A1 N-Am2
  Am2-a
"
"
 muscle, potassium accumulation C-Am2-a (Boyle..); A1 N-Am2-a
Am3 Giant Salamander Amphiuma (tridactylum?) renal tubules, potentials C-Am3 (Sullivan) N-Am3

 
TABLE 4C. RINGER'S SOLUTIONS,

KEY: MAMMALS

SOL # ORGANISM GENUS, SPECIES SYSTEM, STUDY LIT. CIT. NOTES
Ma1 Rat Rattus species tissue nitrogen metabolism C-Ma1 (Krebs..); A1 N-Ma1
Ma2 Rabbit Oryctolagus? heart, dextrose consump. C-Ma2 (Locke..); A1 N-Ma2
   Ma2-a
"
"
 intestinal peristalsis C-Ma2-a (Tyrode); A1 N-Ma2-a
Ma3 Hamster Cricetus species arteriole vasomotion C-Ma3 (Bouskela..) N-Ma3

ABBREVIATIONS: Am = amphibian, An = annelid, Cr = crustacean, Ec = echinoderm, El = elasmobranch, F = Fresh Water, In = Invertebrate, L = Land, M = Marine, Ma = mammalian, Mo = molluscan, O = other, Te = teleost, Xi = Xiphosuran. (Click Back button to return to Table)