TABLE 7.  RINGER'S RECIPES: OTHER VERTEBRATES

Subdivisions:  7A: Amphibia, 7B: Mammalia

GENERAL NOTES:
(1) All solutions containing organic components (e.g., glucose, urea) should be refrigerated to discourage bacterial growth.
(2) If NaHCO3 is an ingredient together with CaCl2, it should be added last (just before use, if possible) to avoid precipitation of calcium carbonate.
(3) For uniformity and viewing ease, concentrations are given in mM to two decimal places. However, it is unlikely that there are more than three significant figures in most cases.

   TABLE 7A.  RINGER'S SOLUTIONS -

AMPHIBIA

Values shown = millimolar (mM) concentration = ml 1M stock solution per liter
To determine grams per liter, see Calculations (App. 1) and Formula Weights (App. 2).

     RGR# --->
Ingred.		 Am1
(Ringer)		 Am2
(Clark)		 Am2-a
(Boyle..)		 Am3
(Sullivan)
NaCl 116.00 111.20 72.60 90.00
KCl 1.20 1.88 1.99 2.50
CaCl2 1.00 1.08 - 1.80
KH2PO4 - - **0.51 -
NaH2PO4 - - - 0.40
Na2HPO4 - - **2.54 2.00
Na2SO4 - - 0.65 -
MgCl2 - - - 1.00
MgSO4 - - 1.22 -
*NaHCO3 2.70 2.38 25.01 -
dextrose (glucose) - - - 2.20
calcium gluconate - - 0.93 -
H2O to 1L to 1L to 1L to 1L
pH - 8.0 - 7.2

* Add NaHCO3 last.
** Acc. to Ref. A1, add these just before use.

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   TABLE 7B.  RINGER'S SOLUTIONS

- MAMMALIA

Values shown = millimolar (mM) concentration = ml 1M stock solution per liter
To determine grams per liter, see Calculations (App. 1) and Formula Weights (App. 2).

     RGR# --->
Ingred.		 Ma1
(Krebs..)		 Ma 2
(Locke..)		 Ma2-a
(Tyrode)		 Ma3
(Bouskela..)
NaCl 118.40 154.00 136.90 115.00
KCl 4.70 5.64 2.68 4.70
CaCl2 2.52 2.16 1.84 2.00
MgCl2 - - 1.03 -
MgSO4 1.18 - - 1.20
dextrose - 11.10 5.55 -
*NaHCO3 25.01 2.38 11.91 -
NaH2PO4 - - 0.44 -
KH2PO4 1.18 - - -
TRIS - - - 40.00
TRIS.HCl - - - 10.00
H2O to 1L to 1L to 1L to 1L
pH 7.4 - - 7.4

* Add NaHCO3 last.

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