Cirino et al.:   Laboratory culture of Ciona
Figure 19. Scheme presenting the chronological sequence of major embryonic stages of C. intestinalis as observed during development at 18 to 20 °C (see Conklin,1905, for detailed plates of C. intestinalis development from egg to gastrula). After the first cleavage, cell divisions take place every 20-30 min on average (not shown).
Temperature affects development time; the hatching of larvae can be obtained within 12 to 15 h at 22 to 25 °C, versus 18 h at 18 to 20 °C. For images of developmental stages see Figure 7 and Figure 8.